Credit: NASA, ESA and A. Evans (Stony Brook University, New York, University of Virginia & National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, USA)
Galaxien verändern und entwickeln sich ständig. Das liegt daran, dass sie aus Sternen bestehen, die ihrerseits verschiedene Lebensphasen durchlaufen. Auch Begegnungen mit anderen Galaxien führen zu signifikanten Veränderungen.
Galaktische Arme: Wegen ihrer langen Gezeitenarme werden diese beiden kollidierenden Galaxien "Die Mäuse" genannt. Eines Tages werden sie zu einer Galaxie verschmelzen.
Credit: NASA, Holland Ford (JHU), the ACS Science Team and ESA
Ungewöhnliches Duo: Arp 147 ist ein interessantes Paar von Galaxien, die sich gegenseitig beein ussen. Die linke Galaxie lässt sich keine Störung anmerken, während die rechte sich zu einem Ring verformt hat und eine Phase enormer Sternentstehung durchläuft.
Credit: NASA, ESA and M. Livio (STScI)
Wenn eine Galaxie nach ihrer Geburt über einen Zeitraum von Milliarden von Jahren isoliert bleibt, produziert sie mit der Zeit immer weniger Sterne, da das meiste Gas in ihr irgendwann aufgebraucht ist. Durch die Begegnung mit anderen Galaxien könnte ihre Sternentstehungsrate wieder zunehmen. Gravitative Wechselwirkungen erzeugen Verformungen, Gezeitenarme und Schockwellen, wodurch wieder deutlich mehr neue Sterne gebildet werden. Manchmal durchdringen sich Galaxien auch und produzieren dabei ringförmige Strukturen, oder sie verschmelzen zu größeren Systemen. Dieses Schicksal steht unserer Milchstraße und der Andromedagalaxie in etwa 4 Milliarden Jahren bevor.
Vergangenes Feuerwerk: Vor 10 Milliarden Jahren sah unsere Milchstraße anders aus: voll von jungen Sternhaufen und hellen jungen Sternen (künstlerische Darstellung).
Credit: NASA, ESA, and Z. Levay (STScI)
Tod von innen: Wenn Galaxien keine neuen Sterne mehr bilden, sterben sie von innen nach außen. Die Sternentstehung hört zuerst im Kern auf und dann in den äußeren Bereichen.
Credit: ESO
Manchmal sind Galaxien wie ein Ring geformt, andere sehen aus, als hätten sie einen Schwanz. Diese Formen können entstehen, wenn sich Galaxien begegnen. Sie beein ussen und verändern sich dann gegenseitig. Einige dieser Treffen führen auch zur Geburt neuer Sterne.
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